To extend the lifespan of wood planter boxes, use rot-resistant wood and apply a wood sealant or waterproofing treatment. Line the inside of the box with landscape fabric or plastic (with drainage holes) to reduce direct soil-to-wood contact. Elevate the planter off the ground with feet or spacers to prevent the wood from sitting in water. Regularly inspect and reapply sealants or stains as needed, especially if signs of wear or weather damage appear. Keeping the planter in a covered area during harsh weather can also help maintain its condition.